Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence in machines programmed to think and learn. These intelligent systems can perform tasks that generally require human cognition, such as problem-solving, decision-making, and language understanding. The journey of AI began in the mid-20th century, marked by the pioneering work of scientists and mathematicians like Alan Turing. His seminal paper on computable numbers laid the groundwork for machine intelligence, while the Turing Test offered a criterion to assess a machine’s ability to exhibit intelligent behavior indistinguishable from a human.